On 12 October 1842, at the age of 20 years, Elizabeth Allen was found Guilty of Housebreaking at the Warwickshire, Birmingham Borough Quarter Sessions. She was sentenced to 10 years and transportation. Elizabeth had, on 6 October 1842, broken into the house of Michael Kelly in Great Hampton Street, Birmingham and stolen a shawl and other articles[1]
In deciding on this sentence of 10 years, Elizabeth’s previous offence of Larceny was taken into account.
Six months earlier, on 22 April 1842[2], Elizabeth had stolen a brooch and some earrings from Ann Rock and a shawl belonging to Ann Luckman. She had been convicted of this offence, in Birmingham, on 20 May 1842 and had been sentenced to three months hard labour.
Both events were reported in the local newspapers[3]. |
| Extract from: the Birmingham Journal, 14 May 1842, p.7, column 1 via FindMyPast [Website] |
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| Extract from: Aris's Birmingham Gazette, 24 October 1842, p.3 via FindMyPast [Website] |
Aboard the Margaret
Aboard the ship, the female convicts were under the charge of the Ship’s Surgeon. How he reported their behaviour aboard the ship made a difference to how they were classified on arrival. This in turn influenced what sort of work they were required to do (see below). Elizabeth’s behaviour was classified as ‘Fair’[6][7]Elizabeth’s voyage aboard the Margaret was not a pleasant one. According to the report of Surgeon B. McAvoy, ‘The passage to the Cape of Good Hope was long & protracted the wind unfavourable added to the wet & leaky state of the Ship made it anything but comfortable’[8]. He himself was not well on the voyage. In the Surgeon’s Journal kept by him, he reported that his own indisposition prevented him from fully filling in his journal although he had included the most prominent diseases that occurred. He further added that, in those cases in which people died, he regretted that he was not able to pay them the attention required - ‘They were aggravated if not called into action by the wet and leaky state of the Ship’ …. Of the four women who died during the first part of the voyage, one died of ‘Rheumatismus’ which Surgeon McAvoy, believed was a metastasis to the heart and three died of ‘Phthisis cosfirmata’ which was, in his view, already fully developed before they left England[9].
Elizabeth is mentioned once on the Margaret's Sick List within Surgeon McAvoy’s Journal - Put on Sick List 12 March (1843) Eliza. Allen age 20 Catarrh Put off Sick List 14 March (1843) Sent out of Hospital[10].
From Simons Bay (South Africa) onwards, John Arnold Mould took over as Ship’s Surgeon aboard the Margaret. On arrival in Hobart, Surgeon Mould reported that of the 152 convicts on board when he took charge, 'all had been landed at Hobart'. The only death he talked about in his Surgeon’s Report was that of a child who had been born on board[11]. There were a number of children on board the ship. It was not unusual for female convicts to take their children with them; for some there was no other option. Nor was it uncommon for children to be born aboard a female convict ship. On arrival, convicts’ children who had been weaned were generally sent to the orphanage once convict passengers were allowed to disembark. Several of the children on the Margaret are known to have arrived at the orphanage on 27 July 1843[12].
About Elizabeth Allen
Elizabeth was baptised on 29 September 1822 at St Peter, Harborne, Birmingham, Warwickshire (then Staffordshire), England, the daughter of Isaac and Ann. Her father Isaac is listed on her baptism as a Labourer[13]. Elizabeth was probably born in 1822 not long before she was baptised. In early convict records in 1843, she is variously described as 20[14] and 19[15]; 20 being the more realistic age given her date of baptism.It is likely that Elizabeth’s parents were Isaac and Ann Phillis [Gealey] Allen. However, while DNA information supports the link to Elizabeth, I am not yet able to step this back to clearly make a link to this particular Isaac and Ann. They do appear to fit with the information Elizabeth provided aboard the Margaret, as recorded in the Indent records[16]. She said that her father Isaac was at Churchill (Worcestershire) and that she had two brothers Josiah and William and a sister Mary Ann who were with her father. No mother was mentioned which suggests that her mother was deceased. Ann Phillis [Gealey] Allen had died in Churchill in 1842[17]. She and Isaac had a number of children including Josiah and Mary Ann. It isn’t entirely clear how William fits in though. Given the timeline of Ann’s death in 1842 and Elizabeth’s reporting of information in 1843, if this is the right family, it is likely that William was born in 1842 or before, but I have yet to find him.
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| Convict Records - Extract from Indents CON15-1-2 Image 141 Accessed 19 March 2022 from Libraries Tasmania Online Collection |
There are a number of other things we can learn about Elizabeth from the Convict Indent record (made on the ship’s voyage) and the Convict Description List (made on arrival). Together, these records tell us that Elizabeth’s trade or calling was house servant and needlewoman[21][22]. Her religion was Church of England and, at the time of her arrival in Tasmania, she was unmarried with no children and could read but could not write[23]. She was 5 feet, two and one quarter inches tall[24][25] with a fair complexion, round head, light brown hair, long visage, medium high forehead, light brown eyebrows, hazel eyes, medium large nose, medium wide mouth and long chin. She had E.A. on her left arm[26].
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| Convict records - Extract from: Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 Accessed 19 March 2022 from Libraries Tasmania Online Collection |
Cascades Female Factory[27]
Upon arrival in Tasmania in July 1843, Elizabeth (police number 171), was relocated from the Margaret to the Cascades Female Factory[28] in South Hobart[29]
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| From: Female Convict Places via Female Convicts Research Centre Inc. [Website] Accessed 23 March 2022 |
From 1828 to 1856, approximately 7,000 female convicts spent time there. At the time, women were classified into 3 distinct classes on the basis of their behaviour; each class being segregated from the others. In this way, those who were well-behaved and capable of reform could be kept separate from those who were considered the worst of offenders. The female convicts were moved up and down classes depending on their behaviour. The class assigned to a woman determined the sort of work she was required to do and where she would be required to do it.
Women classified as 1st class (the ‘Assignable’ class) were the best-behaved convicts who were considered to be more trustworthy than the rest. Prior to 1844, 1st class convicts were able to be assigned outside the institution for work with a settler master or mistress. From 1844 onwards, they could be hired by a settler master or mistress as a probation pass holder[30]. These women were employed in positions such as cooks, task overseers and hospital attendants. Women recently arrived from England were deemed to be 1st class on arrival if they had shown good behaviour on their journey, as reported by the surgeon on-board. Also in 1st class were those women returning from service with good character and those who had successfully completed a period of probation in 2nd class. Only 1st class female convicts were allowed to go out of the institution to work.
Women classified as 2nd class (the ‘Probation’ Class) were those who had been guilty of minor offences and those who had been in 3rd class and whose conduct had improved enough to enable their move up to 2nd class. They were required to spend an appropriate time in probation to prove themselves worthy of moving up a class before they could move to 1st class. Their work was less arduous than that apportioned to 3rd class convicts. They were employed in making clothes for the establishment and preparing and mending linen.
Women classified as 3rd class (the ‘Crime’ class) were considered to be the most incorrigible and least trustworthy of all the female convicts. Some were guilty of misconduct on their journey to the Colony or, after their arrival. Some were convicts who had been sentenced to 3rd class by a magistrate or by the Supreme Court. Some were women who had been transported for a second time. These women spent long hours working. Punishments could include a period on bread and water in solitary confinement or hard labour. Women in solitary confinement, did plain needlework or were required to pick oakum. Picking oakum involved working with old tarred and oiled ropes, which were cut into two foot lengths, and beaten with a mallet to remove the tar. Those sentenced to hard labour were 'sentenced to the wash tub'. They did all the heavy duty washing for the Female Factory and other institutions such as the orphan school[31], military barracks and hospital. Sometimes 3rd class women also carded and spun wool[32]. These women would be punished for the smallest of transgressions. However, if they stayed out of trouble and demonstrated good behaviour, they could move up to 2nd class after serving a portion of their sentence.
Women classified as 2nd class (the ‘Probation’ Class) were those who had been guilty of minor offences and those who had been in 3rd class and whose conduct had improved enough to enable their move up to 2nd class. They were required to spend an appropriate time in probation to prove themselves worthy of moving up a class before they could move to 1st class. Their work was less arduous than that apportioned to 3rd class convicts. They were employed in making clothes for the establishment and preparing and mending linen.
Women classified as 3rd class (the ‘Crime’ class) were considered to be the most incorrigible and least trustworthy of all the female convicts. Some were guilty of misconduct on their journey to the Colony or, after their arrival. Some were convicts who had been sentenced to 3rd class by a magistrate or by the Supreme Court. Some were women who had been transported for a second time. These women spent long hours working. Punishments could include a period on bread and water in solitary confinement or hard labour. Women in solitary confinement, did plain needlework or were required to pick oakum. Picking oakum involved working with old tarred and oiled ropes, which were cut into two foot lengths, and beaten with a mallet to remove the tar. Those sentenced to hard labour were 'sentenced to the wash tub'. They did all the heavy duty washing for the Female Factory and other institutions such as the orphan school[31], military barracks and hospital. Sometimes 3rd class women also carded and spun wool[32]. These women would be punished for the smallest of transgressions. However, if they stayed out of trouble and demonstrated good behaviour, they could move up to 2nd class after serving a portion of their sentence.
It appears that Elizabeth may initially have been assigned to 1st class. However, this did not last long. Elizabeth’s Conduct record shows that, on 7 November 1843, about 4 months after arriving, she was returned to the Female Factory by Magistrate Moses for misconduct and reassigned to 3rd class. Then, on 10 December 1843, Elizabeth was admonished by Magistrate Rice for being drunk[33].
Elizabeth and George
From this point on, it appears that Elizabeth may have settled down and eventually worked her way out of 3rd class, through 2nd class and back to 1st class. Presumably, it was while working outside the institution that she had the opportunity to meet George White. George was also a convict. Like Elizabeth, he came from Birmingham in Warwickshire. You can read more about George in my post All for Twelve Dozen Buttons.George and Elizabeth's request for official permission to marry was approved by the Colonial Secretary on 22 March 1845. Permission was granted for 28 April 1845[34]. Both George and Elizabeth were still convicts when they married at St John’s Church, New Town, Hobart, Tasmania on 28 April 1845[35].
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| Tasmanian Archive & Heritage Office Tasmania Marriages 1803-1899 via FindMyPast [Website] |
George White 28 Bachelor Brickmaker - Elizabeth White 23 Spinster (her X mark) - Minister: Thos J. Ewing Witnesses: Henry Carpenter, Ann Carpenter.
It was a little over three years later when, on 1 August 1848, Elizabeth was given a Ticket of Leave and two months after that, on 10 October 1848, that she was recommended for a pardon. Elizabeth was awarded a conditional pardon on 10 November 1849[36]. This essentially gave her freedom but on the condition that she never return to the United Kingdom. George had been given a Certificate of Freedom on 15 October 1847[37]
More information about George and Elizabeth's life together, and some information about their children can be found in my post All for Twelve Dozen Buttons.
As far as I have been able to figure out, George and Elizabeth had thirteen children although one may yet be missing from my count? Six of them died young. It is proving difficult to find the birth and death registrations for some of them but some information can be pieced together from the registrations that have been found. You can read more about that in my post George and Elizabeth’s Children Unravelled?
On 30 January 1869, just seven years after their move to Dunedin, Elizabeth died at the age of 46[38]. She died from a chronic inflammation of the lungs and dropsy[39]. Elizabeth was buried on 1 February in the Southern Cemetery, Dunedin (Block 16, plot 12)[40] where George was later buried with her.
George was 52 when Elizabeth died. Perhaps indicative of his love for her, after her death, he adopted her family name ‘Allen’ as his middle name[41]. He did not remarry.
This could not be a reference to this Elizabeth. Elizabeth had not been living in Tasmania since about 1850/1851.
The mention of 'Longford' is probably a reference to the northern Tasmanian town of Longford. There was at least one other Elizabeth Allen transported to Van Diemen’s Land during the 1800’s. She was Elizabeth Allen transported in 1836 aboard the Arab II. That Elizabeth was known to use the alias’ Brown and Carter[43]
[2] Date from Birmingham Quarter Session Records via Woman of My Convictions (posted 24 February 2009) Geneageek [Blog]. Accessed 21 March 2022.
[3] Newspaper Articles:
First Offence:
[5] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 - Image 139 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[6] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 - Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022
[7] Convict Records - Conduct Record CON40-1-2 - Image 29 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[8] Convict Ships – Margaret - Transcript of Surgeon McAvoy's Surgeon's Journal – via Female Convicts Research Centre, Inc [Website]. Accessed 22 March 2022.
[17] Ann’s death was registered in the 2nd quarter of 1842 in the district of Kidderminster - Volume: 18 Page: 291 - General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes. London, England: General Register Office Image via FreeBMD. England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1837-1915 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[18] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[19] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[20] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[21] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[22] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[23] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[24] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[25] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[26] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] - . Accessed 19 March 2022.
[27] Information in this section, unless otherwise stated has been drawn from: Life in the Cascades Female Factory via Cascades female Factory Historic Site [Website] – Accessed 19 March 2022.
[31] Orphan schools were orphanages that housed destitute and orphaned children, including the children of convicts. See: Convict Institutions - Children - The Orphan Schools via Female Convicts Research Centre Inc. [Website] Accessed 23 March 2022.
[32] Convict Institution - Punishments via Female Convicts Research Centre Inc. [Website] Accessed 23 March 2022.
[33] Convict Records - Conduct Record CON40-1-2 - Image 29 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[34] Permission to Marry – CON 52/1/2 page 389; RGD37/4:1845/1710 Request sent to Secretary 22 March 1845. Approved. Permission date: 28 March 1845 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] - : No. 1903: WHITE Geo. of the Ship The Geo. the 3rd and No. 171 Elizth ALLEN of the Ship Margaret. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[38] Registration Number 1869/2680 Births, Deaths & Marriages Online, [Digital Index] via New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 16 March 2022
[39] Copy of death entry seen by, and detail included in the notes of, PK Bain and shared with me by Don Stevens – Died January 30, 1869 Dunedin Elizabeth WHITE, wife of George WHITE, Brickmaker Female, 46 years Causes of death: Chronic inflamation (sic) of the lungs & Dropsy. Informant: W.G. Geddes, Undertaker, Dunedin. Registrar: John Gillies. February 19.
[43] Elizabeth Allen alias Brown, Carter Arab II 1836 via Claim-a-Convict [Website]. Accessed 23 March 2022.
[44] Douglas Coop died on 18 May 2021. At the time of writing, his website continues to be accessible and is maintained by his family. It can be found at: https://douglascoop.co.nz/ Accessed 24 March 2022.
[45] Coop, Douglas (2015) Seven Seasons of Wrath AUK Authors; Standard ed. edition (January 12, 2015) Accessed 24 March 2022.
[46] Coop, Douglas [2005] The Price of Freedom Trafford Publishing (August 9, 2005) Accessed 24 March 2022.
George was 52 when Elizabeth died. Perhaps indicative of his love for her, after her death, he adopted her family name ‘Allen’ as his middle name[41]. He did not remarry.
The ’Betsey Douglas’ Mystery
There is an entry on Elizabeth’s Conduct record that is a bit of a mystery. It has led some researchers to conclude that Elizabeth used an alias ‘Betsey Douglas’. However, the timing of the event described suggests that it is likely referring to a different person and, therefore, has been added to Elizabeth’s record in error. The statement reads[42]:Longford 28/9/82 (or 62?) as Betsey Douglas Idle and Disorderly 1 month H L (Hard Labour)
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| Convict Records - Extract from: Conduct Record CON40-1-2 Image 29 Accessed 19 March 2022 from Libraries Tasmania Online Collection |
This could not be a reference to this Elizabeth. Elizabeth had not been living in Tasmania since about 1850/1851.
The mention of 'Longford' is probably a reference to the northern Tasmanian town of Longford. There was at least one other Elizabeth Allen transported to Van Diemen’s Land during the 1800’s. She was Elizabeth Allen transported in 1836 aboard the Arab II. That Elizabeth was known to use the alias’ Brown and Carter[43]
Postscript
George White’s arrest, conviction, transportation and early life in Tasmania, including his marriage to Elizabeth Allen, was the inspiration for a fictional work Seven Seasons of Wrath written by Elizabeth’s Great Grandson, Douglas Coop[44]. Seven Seasons of Wrath (2015)[45] appears to be a revised version of Douglas Coop’s earlier fictional work The Price of Freedom (2005)[46].Elizabeth Allen is my husband's 2nd Great Grandmother.
N.B. I have now moved by blogging efforts from this platform to We Are.xyz so that I can integrate building my family history archive with blogging. This post, or a similar version of it, can be found at: https://app.weare.xyz/blog/the-dual-genealogist/blogposts/lqxozh3vzem9
Related Posts
All for Twelve Dozen Buttons (19 March 2022)
George and Elizabeth's Children Unravelled? (3 April 2022)
Notes
[1] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 - Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022
[3] Newspaper Articles:
First Offence:
- Birmingham Journal 14 May 1842, p.7, column 1 via FindMyPast [Website]. Accessed 21 March 2022.
- Aris’s Birmingham Gazette 23 May 1842, p.2 via FindMyPast [Website]. Accessed 21 March 2022.
- Birmingham Journal 28 May 1842, p.5 via FindMyPast [Website]. Accessed 21 March 2022
- Aris’ Birmingham Gazette 24 October 1842, p.3 via FindMyPast [Website]. Accessed 21 March 2022.
- Birmingham Journal 29 October 1842, p.3 via FindMyPast [Website]. Accessed 21 March 2022
[4] Van Diemen's Land was the original name of the island of Tasmania. In 1803, the island was settled by the British as a penal colony and became part of the British colony of New South Wales. In 1824, Van Diemen's Land became an independent colony and in 1856 was renamed by the British to Tasmania. See: Van Diemen’s Land via Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11 Jan. 2022 [Website]. Accessed 28 February 2022.
[5] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 - Image 139 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[6] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 - Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022
[7] Convict Records - Conduct Record CON40-1-2 - Image 29 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[9] Convict Ships – Margaret - Transcript of Surgeon McAvoy's Surgeon's Journal – See Note 8.
[10] Convict Ships – Margaret - Transcript of Surgeon McAvoy's Surgeon's Journal – See Note 8. See also: ADM 101/48/7/2 – National Archives, Kew – Catalogue Description Accessed 22 March 2022.
[11] Convict Ships – Margaret - Transcript of Surgeon Mould’s Surgeon's Journal – via Female Convicts Research Centre, Inc [Website]. Accessed 22 March 2022.
[12] Westernick, Jan (2019) The Women who had Children on the Margaret 1842-1843 via Female Convicts Research Centre, Inc [Website]. Accessed 23 March 2022.
[13] Library of Birmingham; Birmingham, England; Birmingham Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: DRO 61; Archive Roll: 550 Image via Ancestry.com. Birmingham, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1919 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.Accessed 20 March 2022.
[14] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[15] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022
[16] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 - Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022
[14] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[15] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022
[16] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 - Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022
[18] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[19] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[20] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[21] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[22] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[23] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 141 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[24] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[25] Convict Records - Indents CON15-1-2 Image 140 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[26] Convict Records - Description List CON19-1-2 Image 98 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] - . Accessed 19 March 2022.
[28] Female Convicts in VDL Database via Female Convicts Research Centre Inc. [Website]. Accessed 21 March 2022.
[29] Female Convict Places via Female Convicts Research Centre Inc. [Website] Accessed 23 March 2022.
[30] From the beginning of transportation to Van Diemen’s Land until 1843, the administration of female convicts was under an ‘Assignment’ system. Under this system, 1st class convicts were sent out to work when appropriate employment was available. However, the ‘Assignment’ system was open to abuse by some people. In view of this, Convict Administration changed to a ‘Probation’ system from 1844. Instead of being assigned work, a female convict served a period of probation (the length depending on her sentence), during which time she was given moral and religious instruction, and taught domestic skills as required for cooks, laundresses, and servants. At the end of her term of probation, a female convict worked for a master or mistress as a passholder. See: Convict System via Female Convicts Research Centre Inc. [Website] Accessed 22 March 2022.
[32] Convict Institution - Punishments via Female Convicts Research Centre Inc. [Website] Accessed 23 March 2022.
[33] Convict Records - Conduct Record CON40-1-2 - Image 29 via Libraries Tasmania [Website]. Accessed 19 March 2022.
[35] Tasmanian Archive & Heritage Office Tasmania Marriages 1803-1899 Image via FindMyPast [Website] Accessed 13 March 2022.
[36] Convict Records - Conduct Record CON40-1-2 - Image 29 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] Accessed 16 March 2022
[37] Convict Records - CON34-1-5 – Image 497 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] Accessed 16 March 2022.
[36] Convict Records - Conduct Record CON40-1-2 - Image 29 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] Accessed 16 March 2022
[37] Convict Records - CON34-1-5 – Image 497 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] Accessed 16 March 2022.
[40] New Zealand Society of Genealogists Incorporated; Auckland, New Zealand; New Zealand Cemetery Records Image via Ancestry.com New Zealand, Cemetery Records, 1800-2007 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. Accessed 16 March 2022.
See also: Find A Grave, database and images - Elizabeth Allen White (1822-1869) - Find a Grave Memorial: Accessed 16 March 2022, memorial page for Elizabeth Allen White (1822-30 Jan 1869), Find a Grave Memorial ID 193822254, citing Southern Cemetery, Dunedin, Dunedin City, Otago, New Zealand; Maintained by Cosmo (contributor 49300889).
[41] See Jane Chapman, All for Twelve Dozen Buttons (posted 19 March 2022) BJNL's Genealogy [Blog] Accessed 24 March 2022.
[41] See Jane Chapman, All for Twelve Dozen Buttons (posted 19 March 2022) BJNL's Genealogy [Blog] Accessed 24 March 2022.
[42] Convict Records - Conduct Record CON40-1-2 - Image 29 via Libraries Tasmania [Website] Accessed 19 March 2022.
[43] Elizabeth Allen alias Brown, Carter Arab II 1836 via Claim-a-Convict [Website]. Accessed 23 March 2022.
[44] Douglas Coop died on 18 May 2021. At the time of writing, his website continues to be accessible and is maintained by his family. It can be found at: https://douglascoop.co.nz/ Accessed 24 March 2022.
[45] Coop, Douglas (2015) Seven Seasons of Wrath AUK Authors; Standard ed. edition (January 12, 2015) Accessed 24 March 2022.
[46] Coop, Douglas [2005] The Price of Freedom Trafford Publishing (August 9, 2005) Accessed 24 March 2022.
Hi Jane, the Longford cited in Elizabeth's CON40-1-2 record, in the reference to the mysterious Betsey Douglas, is most likely the northern Tasmanian town of Longford. I interpret the year as 1882 - and I agree it couldn't possibly be your Elizabeth! Cheers, Fern
ReplyDeleteThank you Fern. Longford in Tasmania makes sense. I will make a we change to the post to reflect that.
Delete