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From Pauper Relief to Mariner to Miner and More: Samuel Jeffery Veale

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Samuel Jeffery Veale
Samuel Jeffery Veale (1843 - 1929) came from humble beginnings. By the time he was twelve years old, his mother had died and his father was unable to work. The family became reliant on pauper relief. As a young man he joined the merchant navy. Sometime during the 1860’s, Samuel settled in New Zealand. Initially he lived in Central Otago where he married and began to raise a family. He mined for coal and gold and cultivated a small plot of land in the Kyeburn area. Later, he and his wife and children moved to the West Coast where Samuel was a miner and a hotel keeper. Samuel has numerous descendants in New Zealand.

Samuel's Family Background

Samuel was born in Townstall, Dartmouth, Devon, England to parents Samuel Stokes Veale (1805 - 1856) and Mary Ann [Saunders] Veale (1807 - 1856) on 25 December 1843[1]. His birth was registered in Totnes, Devon in the first quarter of 1844. His mother's name is recorded as 'Sanders' [2][3].

Brothers and Sisters

Samuel was the eighth child born to Samuel and Mary Ann. He was named after a deceased sibling of the same name, Samuel Jeffery Veale. The older Samuel was born in Dartmouth, Devon in 1836, baptised on 7 September 1836 at St Petrox Church, Dartmouth[4] and died at Townstall in Devon in 1840, aged 3 years[5].

The other six children were:

  • Mary Ann Saunders Veale - born 21 August 1828 and baptised 18 September 1828 in Dartmouth, Devon (Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers - Presbyterian)[6];
  • Jesse Stokes Veale - born 17 December 1830 and baptised 20 January 1831 in Dartmouth, Devon (Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers - Presbyterian)[7]; 
  • John Saunders Veale born 7 September 1832 and baptised 24 April 1833 in Dartmouth, Devon (Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers - Presbyterian)[8]; 
  • Susan Jane Veale born 26 September 1834 and baptised 10 October 1834 at St Petrox Church, Dartmouth, Devon[9];
  • Margaret Ann Veale born in 1839 and registered in the third quarter of 1839 in Totnes[10];
  • Emma Veale born in 1841 and registered in the fourth quarter of 1841 in Totnes[11].

Two more children were born to the family after Samuel was born in 1843:

  • Sarah Maria Veale born on 6 January 1846 and baptised 22 August 1852 at Charterhouse St Thomas, Islington, Middlesex, England[12]; 
  • Eliza Veale born on 15 May 1848 and baptised 22 August 1852 at Charterhouse St Thomas, Islington, Middlesex, England[13].

The Family Moves from Devon to London

Sarah's birth was registered in the first quarter of 1846 in the East London Union[14]. This suggests that the family moved to London sometime between Samuel’s birth in Devon in December 1843 and Sarah's birth in London in January 1846. Samuel's father was a carpenter. Perhaps he was looking for work and a better outlook for his family?

The family first shows up in London in the 1851 Census. They are living at 7 Halfmoon Alley, St Giles Cripplegate (then Middlesex) and are listed across two pages[15]:

Extract from Census Returns of England and Wales, 1851 via Ancestry.com

Samuel S Veale – Head – Male age 46 – Carpenter- Born in Devon; Mary A Veale – Wife – Female age 44 - Born in Devon;John S Veale – Son – Male age 18 - Ship Block Maker – Born in Devon;Margaret A Veale – Daur – Female age 11 – Scholar – Born in Devon; Emma Veale – Daur – Female age 9 – Scholar – Born in Devon; Sarah M Veale – Daur – Female age 5 – Scholar – Born in London;Eliza Veale – Daur – Female age 2 – Born in London;Samuel J Veale – Son – Male age 7 – Scholar - Born in Devon.

The two oldest children are not living with the family. By this time, the oldest of Samuel’s siblings, Mary Ann Saunders Veale, had married and left the family home. She married William Mallison in London in 1849[16]. I am uncertain what became of the second oldest, Jesse Stokes Veale or even whether he was still living in 1851?

On 22 August 1852, at the age of 8, almost 9, Samuel was baptised at Charterhouse, St Thomas in Islington, London alongside his siblings Sarah Maria and Eliza. The record shows that the family is still living at 7 Halfmoon Alley, St Giles[17]:

Extract from: London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P76/TMS/004 via Ancestry.com

1852 August 22 - Samuel Jeffery - son of Samuel & Mary Ann Veal - 7 Halfmoon Alley - Father, Carpenter - Born December 25 1843;
1852 August 22 - Sarah Maria - D of  Samuel & Mary Ann Veal - 7 Halfmoon Alley - Father, Carpenter - Born January 26 1846;
1852 August 22 - Eliza - D of  Samuel & Mary Ann Veal - 7 Halfmoon Alley - Father, Carpenter - Born May 15 1848.

In Need of Pauper Relief

All did not go well for the family in London. By September 1856, Samuel, then aged twelve, and his father and two younger sisters, Sarah and Eliza were living in the Parish of Saint Leonard in Shoreditch, Middlesex. Samuel's mother, Mary Ann, had died sometime between 1851, when she was listed on the Census (see above) and September 1856 when the family's circumstances led them to the workhouse in need of support.
 
As a result of illness, Samuel's father, Samuel Stokes Veale, was no longer able to work and provide for his family. While the Churchwarden and Overseers of the Poor for the Parish of Saint Leonard accepted the family's need for relief, they didn't consider the family to be their responsibility. The family had been living in Saint Leonard for less than five years. This prompted the Churchwarden and Overseers of the Poor to seek the family's removal from Saint Leonard in Shoreditch to their home parish of Saint Saviour in Devon, for the purpose of pauper relief.

On 19 September 1856, Justices of the Peace, William Howard and John Joseph Tanner gave a ruling on the transfer of the family[18]. They advised the Churchwarden and Overseers of the Poor of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch and the Churchwarden and Overseers of the Poor of Saint Saviour, Devon of their ruling that the family be transferred from Saint Leonard to Saint Saviour for the purposes of pauper relief.
 
On 26 September 1852, following the Justices’ ruling of 19 September, a Removal Notice was signed by the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor for the Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch[19][20]. This gave notice to the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of Saint Saviour that the family was to be removed from Saint Leonard to Saint Saviour.

A transcript of these documents is in the endnotes below[21]. In summary, there are a number of family facts that can be found in these documents:

  • The family had been living in the Parish of Saint Leonard for less than five years.
  • Samuel’s father (Samuel Stokes Veale) had a sickness that will produce a permanent disability rendering the family unable to provide food for themselves.
  • Samuel is described as being about 12 years old and his siblings Sarah and Eliza as being about 10 and 8 years old, respectively.
  • Samuel’s Father (Samuel Stokes Veale) was born on 13 April 1805 in the Parish of Saint Saviour; the son of John Veale and Susannah, both deceased. At the age of about 10 he was apprenticed by Indenture, until the age of twenty-one years, to William Sawyer, Carpenter, of the Parish of Saint Saviour. He served the entire term. He was lawfully married to his, now deceased wife, Mary Ann, at Saint Petrox Church, Dartmouth.
  • Samuel’s Grandfather, John Veale and Susannah his wife (the parents of Samuel Stokes Veale) also resided in the Parish of Saint Saviour. John apprenticed himself, for a term of 7 years, to William Burgoin, Cordwainer of the Parish of Saint Saviour. He served the full term of 7 years. After his death, his widow Susannah received regular weekly relief for a period of several years from the Parish of Saint Saviour.

It is assumed from this that, sometime about the end of September 1856 or not long after, the family moved back to the Parish of Saint Saviour.

Apprenticeship in the UK Merchant Navy

On 8 February 1858, at Dartmouth, Samuel was indentured as an apprentice to the UK Merchant Navy aboard the Vessel ‘Touchrot’ for a period of 5 years – 8 February 1859 to 8 February 1864[22].  He was 15 years old.

The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; Collection: Registry of Shipping and Seaman: Index of Apprentices; Class: BT 150; Piece Number: 31 via Ancestry.com

Why New Zealand?

Samuel’s travels with the Merchant Navy no doubt took him to many places. Why he chose to settle in New Zealand and how he got here, we don’t know. One family story is that he jumped ship here. This may or may not be true. Another family story is that three families related by marriage emigrated to New Zealand – ‘flesh, fish [sic] and fowl’; their surnames being Veale, Whale, and Drake. Documentary evidence tells us that Samuel’s sister, Emma, married William Morgan Whale[23]. William and their son Robert did emigrate to New Zealand after Emma died in London. Emma died in 1869[24]. I have yet to find a Drake connection.

Exactly when Samuel settled in New Zealand isn't known for sure either. His indentured apprenticeship with the UK Merchant Navy would have finished in February 1864 but he may have continued with the navy beyond that? According to his death registration (July 1929), he had been in New Zealand for 60 years when he died[25]. If this is correct, he would have come to New Zealand about 1869 at the age of about 26. However, it is more likely that he was in New Zealand prior to 1867 because, in 1867, in the Alexandra District Court, Samuel transferred miner’s rights at Kyeburn to a Thomas Jones[26]. I think it is reasonable to assume that Samuel came to New Zealand sometime between February 1864 and 1867. Perhaps he was lured by the talk of gold to be found?

Kyeburn, Maniototo, Central Otago

Kyeburn area - Map created with Google My Maps (modified)
Samuel lived and worked in the Kyeburn area from some time before 1867 to about 1886.  There are a number of records that place him either in Kyeburn or at the Kyeburn Diggings (see below).  

Kyeburn is in the Maniototo area of Central Otago. During the latter part of the 1860’s Otago Gold Rush, the area around Kyeburn was a busy mining location. The gold mining settlement at Kyeburn Diggings (sometimes called Upper Kyeburn) was about 10 kilometres north of Kyeburn itself and stretched over a large area along the Little Kye Burn and the Kye Burn. Coal mining was also a feature of the Kyeburn area. It appears that Samuel may have engaged in both gold and coal mining. He also cultivated a small plot of land (see below).


The following map shows Naseby, Kyeburn and Kyeburn Diggings relative to each other:

Naseby- Kyeburn Diggings and Kyeburn relative to one another - Map created with Google My Maps (modified)
  

Marriage and Family

On 26 December 1872, Samuel married Isabella Jane Blythe at the Presbyterian Manse in Naseby. The Minister who officiated was the Rev. James M'Cosh. Witnesses to the marriage were: John Hardane, miner, Kyeburn and Marion Forrest, Naseby[27]

Copy of Marriage entry - Registration 1872/7646 - Index at: Births, Deaths & Marriages Online", [digital index] via New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]

The marriage was reported in the Mt Ida Chronicle of 27 December 1872[28]  

Mt Ida Chronicle, Volume III, Issue 200, 27 December 1872, Page 4 via Papers Past [Website]

Like Samuel, Isabella was an immigrant. She was born in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne in about 1844 (baptised 22 December 1844)[29]. 

According to oral family history, Isabella lived at Durham and trained as a nurse at Newcastle Upon Tyne then came to New Zealand and took up nursing at Naseby. I was told this by my mother-in-law, Shirley [Coop] Chapman, Isabella's great grand-daughter. She got the information from her mother, Winifred [Darcy] Coop, Isabella's grand-daughter, who, in turn, had been told this by her mother, Emma [Veale] Darcy, Samuel and Isabella's daughter.

After their marriage, it appears that Samuel and Isabella were in Kyeburn for a while. Their oldest daughter, Mary Emma Veale, was born in Kyeburn on 26 September 1873. Samuel is listed as a Miner of Kyeburn on Emma's birth registration[30]:

Copy of Birth entry - Registration 1873/42251 - Index at: Births, Deaths & Marriages Online", [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]

Between 1874 and 1879, Samuel and his family were living at the Kyeburn Diggings in a sod and iron house and Samuel was working as a gold miner[31].  Samuel and Isabella’s second and third oldest children, Agnes Williams Veale, and Elspeth Sarah Veale were born while they were living there – Agnes in 1875[32] and Elspeth in 1878[33].  Agnes’ middle name ‘Williams’ came from her maternal grandmother Agnes Williams, wife of Andrew Blyth. Samuel and Isabella's son,  Samuel George Veale, was born at Kyeburn a few years later on 7 September 1881[34].

A Miners Life  

In April 1876, Samuel made application for a tail race. The application was reported in the Mt Ida Chronicle on 7 April[35] and 14 April[36]. The application was struck out on 29 April 1876, as reported in the Mt Ida Chronicle of 5 May 1876[37]: 

'Samuel Veale, Kyeburn Diggings, 24 yards, April 29. Struck out.'

An application was notified in the Mt Ida Chronicle of 11 December 1879 by Samuel, jointly with Christian Archer, for a coal mineral lease at the Kyeburn Diggings[38]. The lease application related to 20 acres of land for a period of 50 years; their intention was to invest £300 for the purpose of Tunnelling at Pipe Clay Gully in the Upper Kyeburn (Kyeburn Diggings):

Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume X, Issue 541, 13 December 1879, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] 

By 1880-81, Samuel was living at Kyeburn and working as a Carrier[39]. However, it appears that it wasn’t long before he was back to mining. On 29 June 1881, Samuel, jointly with William Charles Parker, (Wm Chas Parker and Company) applied to the Warden, Naseby for a gold mining lease. 

The application was publicly notified in the Mt Ida Chronicle on 2 July[40], 7 July[41] and 14 July 1881[42]. They applied for a 10-year lease of six acres on the east side of the Kyeburn River, nearly opposite the Post Office Hotel which appears to have been in Middle Kyeburn not far from the Kyeburn Diggings (Upper Kyeburn). They proposed to invest £200 and work the area by ground sluicing; the application to be heard 29 July 1881.
Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XI, Issue 613, 2 July 1881, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] 

Notwithstanding the provision for objection within 14 days of the date of application, a mining licence (for six acres) was granted to William Parker and Co., on 1 July 1881, by J.P. Maitland, Commissioner of Crown Lands, three days after their application for a gold mining lease was made. This was notified in the Mt Ida Chronicle of 7 July 1881[43]:
 
Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XI, Issue 614, 7 July 1881, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] 

Samuel and William were most probably working their six acres of land in Middle Kyeburn, when, on 10 August 1881, they responded to the call of Margaret McCarthy, a distraught mother, who was seeking help to find her 2 year old son. Her son, Lawrence, was found deceased. At the inquest on 12 August, it was ruled that the child was drowned accidentally in the Kyeburn River having been swept down the river about 80 yards after falling from the crossing. You can read about this in my post: Accidental Drowning - Age 2 years, 5 months - Lawrence Peter McCarthy

On 13 February 1882, the Warden’s Office in Naseby gave notice, via the Mt Ida Chronicle of 18 February 1882[44], of the withdrawal of the mineral lease originally lodged by William Charles Parker and Samuel on 29 June 1881 in relation to the six acres of land on the East side of the Kyeburn river nearly opposite the Post Office Hotel. The Warden’s Office advised that this mineral lease was now open to application from others:

Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XII, Issue 646, 18 February 1882, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] 

It appears from the wording of the Notice that William and Samuel chose to withdraw their application, for some reason. Some 6 months earlier, they had sought the lease for ten years. Perhaps Samuel had decided to focus on cultivating some land? New Zealand Land records show that in October 1882, Samuel, who is listed as a miner, owned 7 acres of land in the Middle Kyeburn[45]. This would have likely have been the same land at the centre of a Trespass case that Samuel took against his neighbour, David McCready in 1883. See below.

However, it appears that, at the same time as cultivating his land, Samuel did continue to hold a mineral lease until March 1888. The cancellation of this lease was advised in The New Zealand Gazette of 5 March 1888: 'No.16. Samuel J. Veale; Section 1, Block X., Kyeburn, Otago Mining District'[46]:

Extract from: The New Zealand Gazette of 5 March 1888 via Ancestry.com

Samuel Veale vs David McCready

It appears that Samuel did not get on well with his neighbour David McCready. There were a number of occasions when they found themselves on opposing sides in Court. This appears to have started in May 1876 when David McCready brought a case against Samuel.
 
On 13 May 1876, Samuel found himself in the Warden’s Court when his neighbour, David McCready, the plaintiff, laid a complaint against Samuel, the defendant, for ‘on or about the 8th day of April’ interfering with a roadway or track in common use by cutting a tail race rendering the road useless. The complaint was dismissed and a re-hearing requested by the plaintiff, David McCready. This was granted for 1 June. This initial hearing was reported in the Mt Ida Chronicle of 19 May 1876[47]:
Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VII, Issue 375, 19 May 1876, Page 3 via PapersPast 

As yet, I have been unable to find a record of the rehearing on 1 June.

On 10 January 1878, Samuel laid a complaint against David McCready in the Resident Magistrates Court. This was reported in the 12 January[48] and 17 January[49] Mt Ida Chronicle. The case was dismissed: 'Samuel Veale v. David McCready,-£5. Dismissed, with costs of Court 20s., 50s. expenses of three witnesses, and 21s. professional costs.' It isn't clear what this was in relation to.

Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VIII, Issue 456, 17 January 1878, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] 

On 25 July 1879, in the Warden’s Court at Naseby, Samuel was one of a number of objectors to David McCready being allowed to lease and purchase land under the Homestead clause of the Mines Act. David McCready had applied to purchase 50 acres and lease 270 acres. The 25 July hearing was picking up on an earlier adjourned hearing from 11 July. According to the newspaper report of 31 July 1879 in the Mt Ida Chronicle[50], some of the discussion centred around whether it was appropriate under the Act for someone to be given permission to both lease and purchase land. The Warden had received a letter from the Undersecretary of Goldfields written on behalf of the Minister of Mines asking that the decision be further deferred pending advice from Wellington.

The case resumed on 22 August 1879 and was reported in the Mt Ida Chronicle of 30 August 1879[51] . Samuel again gave evidence. Because the Government had now ruled that David McCready would not be leased 270 acres of agricultural land, this left the Warden now able to rule in relation to the purchase of 50 acres of land. As in the previous hearings, the evidence of the objectors centred on the extent to which the land was auriferous and the consequent loss to them if McCready's request was approved. The Warden agreed to the purchase of 50 acres but, after taking into account the evidence given by objectors, the 50 acres granted did not entirely match the 50 acres originally requested for purchase.

In early 1883, Samuel initiated a Trespass case against his neighbour, David McCready. The case was heard on 19 February 1883 in the Naseby Magistrates Court. The details of it were reported in the Mt Ida Chronicle of 22 February[52] and 24 February[53].

The case revolved around the actions of David McCready in letting his horses trample Samuel’s crops. Samuel’s case as plaintiff was that on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 8th of February 1883 David McCready’s horses trespassed on his paddock damaging a growing crop of oats. At the time Samuel had 7 acres of land, 5 of which were growing oats.

In reality, it was likely Isabella, Samuel’s wife, who brought the case against David McCready in Samuel’s name. According to the reports of court proceedings, Samuel was absent for the hearing and living in Reefton. Isabella admitted that she had not been specifically authorised by her husband to initiate the case but she had been authorised to sell the oats which had now been trampled. This prompted some discussion as to whether Isabella could act for Samuel without his specific authorisation and whether Samuel could bring a case of trespass against his neighbour without being present. Their solicitor indicated that Isabella was merely a principal witness in the case. He was not acting for her. Rather, he was acting for Samuel. He argued that it was acceptable for him, as Samuel’s solicitor, to act on Samuel’s behalf in his absence. In the end, the Court found in favour of Samuel and awarded him 10s damages; costs of case 17s; two witnesses, £1 each; professional fee £1 1s.

At that time, travelling to Reefton would have been a long and difficult trip which entailed travelling over land to Dunedin on the East coast, then by ship around the coast to Hokitika on the West Coast and then further travel over land to Reefton (see below). The family did later move to the West Coast. It is assumed, therefore, that this trip of Samuel’s to Reefton in 1883 was some sort of reconnaissance trip to enable Samuel to decide his likely prospects if he moved his family to the West Coast.

Time for a Change

When exactly Samuel moved his family from Central Otago to the West Coast is uncertain; probably about 1886 (see below). As already mentioned, the journey from Kyeburn to the West Coast was not an easy one. The journey would begin with an over land trip from Kyeburn to Dunedin through difficult terrain: 

Kyeburn area to Dunedin - Map created with Google My Maps (modified)

From Dunedin, travel would then be by boat around the South coast of the South Island of New Zealand to Hokitika. Hokitika harbour was treacherous and many a ship was lost crossing the bar.

Dunedin to Hokitika - Map created with Google My Maps (modified)

There is a story within the family that Samuel and Isabella, having insufficient money for the entire family to travel by boat from Dunedin to Hokitika, temporarily left their oldest daughter, Emma (Mary Emma Veale) with a relative in Dunedin. They later sent money for her travel to join them. You can read Emma's story in my post Left Behind In Dunedin - Emma's Story 

West Coast, South Island, New Zealand

Once the family arrived in Hokitika, they would have travelled up the coast and inland. Their first stop appears to have been Stillwater.

Hokitika to Stillwater - Map created with Google My Maps (modified)

Stillwater, Grey District

Stillwater is on the banks of the Grey River in the Grey District of the West Coast and close to Brunnerton (now Brunner). Oral family history is that Samuel went there to work in the Brunnerton mine (coal).
 
Notwithstanding the fact that Samuel had a mineral lease in the Kyeburn area until 1888 (see above), it is likely that the family moved to the West Coast in about 1866. Samuel is listed in the 1883-1884 and 1886 New Zealand City and Area Directories as being at the Kyeburn Diggings[54]. However, the 1886 and 1887 Greymouth Electoral Roll each list Samuel as living in Stillwater and working as a miner[55]. 1886, therefore, seems to have been a transition point for the family.


Cronadun, Buller District


By 1890, Samuel was living at Cronadun in the Buller District of the West Coast and working as a miner[56]. On 21 April 1892 , he had a tail race application granted by the Warden's Court. As reported in the Inangahua Times of 21 April 1892[57], his application was granted subject to special conditions:

'Samuel Veale and party.-Tail-race; granted subject to conditions imposed by the County Council, as the race crossed a public road'


Inangahua Times, Volume XVI, Issue 301, 21 April 1892, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] 

Samuel continued to live and work as a miner at Cronadun until about 1897[58]. It appears that Samuel may have been temporarily living separately to Isabella in 1896. The 1896 roll shows Samuel living in Cronodun and Isabella living in Reefton and working as a Matron[59]. As Matron of a hospital, she may have had a live in position for convenience. Reefton, where Isabella was working, and Cronadun, where Samuel was working, are about 11.5km apart. See the map below.

Samuel Jeffery Veale
Picture shared with me by
R. Mooney 
Isabella Jane Blythe
Picture shared with me by
R. Mooney

Reefton, Buller District


By 1899, Samuel and Isabella were living together in Walsh Street in Reefton. Samuel is listed as a miner[60]. They were still living in Reefton when, on 12 January 1904, Isabella died leaving Samuel widowed. Her stated cause of death is ovarian cyst, supperation and exhaustion[61][62]. 

Isabella is buried at the Reefton Cemetery. Her headstone incorrectly states her death as 12 January 1903:
'In Loving memory of 
ISABELLA JANE 
VEALE 
DIED JANUARY 12TH 1903 
AGED 60 YEARS
ERECTED BY HER LOVING 
HUSBAND AND CHILDREN
A PATIENT SUFFERER 
GONE TO REST'

Grave of Isabella Jane Veale, nee Blythe - Reefton Cemetery. Photo: Jane Chapman 2002 

It is unclear exactly when Samuel moved on from Reefton. However, by February 1906, Samuel was living in Merrijigs; not far from Reefton.


Stillwater - Cronadun - Reefton - Merrijigs - Map created with Google My Maps (modified)

Merrijigs, Buller District

In February 1906, as reported by the Greymouth Evening Star of 24 February 1906[63], Samuel, as a resident of Merrijigs, attended a meeting of the Inangahua County Council. The meeting, had been convened to discuss rate related matters. At this meeting, Samuel’s request for a prospecting subsidy was considered. It was recommended for payment subject to a favourable report from the Inspector of Mines.

Later, at an ordinary monthly meeting of the Inangahua County Council held on 31 May 1906, Samuel forwarded his monthly report on prospecting operations at Merrijigs, as reported in the Greymouth Evening Star of 1 June 1906[64].

On the 8 March 1908, at the age of 64, Samuel married his second wife, Agnes Howard at Reefton[65] . Agnes was a widow. She had been married twice previously. Her first husband was Joseph George Plummer. Her second husband was Henry Hampton Howard. Her family name before marriage was Cassells.

Not long after his marriage to Agnes, Samuel decided to take over the accommodation licence at the Merrijigs Hotel. On 8 June 1908, Elias Thomas, the Hotelkeeper at Merrijigs, indicated an intention to apply to the 2 September 1908 Licencing Meeting at Greymouth, to transfer his accommodation licence to Samuel. This was notified in the Inangahua Times of 20 June 1908[66] :


Inangahua Times, 20 June 1908, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] 

It isn’t clear whether this transfer was granted or not. I haven’t been able to locate a copy of the September 1908 decision. However, if it was it must have been for a limited time because, Samuel applied for an accommodation licence 'for a house in Merrijigs known as the Merrijigs hotel', in his own right, in May 1909. Samuel's notice of application was dated 7 May 1909 and his intention to submit this application to the 2 June 1909 Licensing Meeting at Greymouth was notified in the Inangahua Times of 8 May[67] and 12 May 1909[68]:
 
Inangahua Times, 8 May 1909, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] 

As reported in the Greymouth Evening Star of 4 June 1909[69], Samuel’s application was dealt with as a new application for an old house at the 2 June 1909 meeting and approval was given for the Merrijigs Hotel to have an accommodation licence to 10pm:

Greymouth Evening Star, 4 June 1909, Page 1 via PapersPast [Website] 

Given the mention of a closing time associated with the granting of an accommodation licence, my assumption is that an accommodation licence related to the selling of liquor at a place of accommodation. In some cases, a closing time of 11pm was granted. In Samuel's case, for the Merrijigs Hotel, it was 10pm.

It isn't clear whether Samuel continued to work as a miner during his time as proprietor of the Merrijigs hotel. It is possible that his wife, Agnes, ran the hotel during the day while he continued with with his mining activity.

By June 1911, Samuel and Agnes had decided to move on from Merrijigs. It was reported in the Greymouth Evening Star of 7 June 1911[70] that, on that day, the Greymouth Licencing Committee had approved the transfer of the accommodation licence for Merrijigs from Samuel Jeffery Veale to Albert Wright 'of the Merrijigs Accommodation House':

Greymouth Evening Star, 7 June 1911, Page 5 via PapersPast [Website] 

Albert Wright remained the Proprietor of the Merrijigs Hotel until it closed in 1942[71]. Below is a photo of Albert Wright, known as Albie, standing outside the Merrijigs Hotel in 1940[72]:

From left - Albie Wright (proprietor), Molly Rose Gage, Mrs Wright and Bill Sara outside the Merrijigs Hotel in 1940 via West Coast New Zealand History [Website]. Accessed 20 December 2022. Photo contributed by Claire Ward

Donoghues, Ross, Westland

It appears that, after leaving Merrijigs, Samuel and Agnes initially returned to Reefton and then moved on to Ross in Westland in about 1914. Both Samuel and Agnes are listed on the 1914 Grey Electoral Roll (Buller Road, Reefton)[73] and the 1914 Westland Electoral Roll (Donoghues, Ross)[74]. Samuel is listed as a Miner on both rolls.

The journey from Reefton to Ross, by road, is about 142 kilometres. Ross is about 26 kilometres south of Hokitika.

Ross relative to Hokitika and Reefton - Map made with Google My Maps (modified)

Donoghues is about 2 to 3 kilometres from Ross, bordering where State Highway 6 now is and on the north side of the Mikonui River. Samuel would have been mining gold there.

Donoghues relative to Ross and the Mikonui River - Map made with Google My Maps (modiified)

Agnes and Samuel were still at Donoghues in 1919. The 1919 Westland Roll continues to show Samuel as a Miner at Donoghues, Ross[75]. On 18 December 1919, Samuel was again widowed when Agnes died by drowning. She was 66 years old[76]. Samuel was 76.

Rimu, Hokitika and Westport

By December 1921, when Samuel placed an 'In Memorium' notice for his deceased wife, Agnes in the Hokitika Guardian, he was living at Rimu, near Hokitika[77]. By December 1922 when he again placed an 'In Memorium' notice in the Hokitika Guardian, he was living in Hokitika[78].

By 1928, when Samuel turned 85 years, he was living in North Revell Street, Hokitika nearby his son Samuel George Veale (1881 - 1963) and daughter-in-law, Agnes (1888 - 1961), who were living in Sale Street, Hokitika[79]. 

It appears that, as his health deteriorated, Samuel moved to the home of his daughter, Elspeth Sarah [Veale] Lockington (1878 - 1959), in Westport.

Samuel Jeffery Veale (second from right) and family.
Photo from the personal connection of L. Robinson and used with her permission

Samuel died at his daughter, Elspeth's, home at 161 Romilly Street, Westport on 25 July 1929, aged 85 (incorrectly recorded in his death entry as 84). The cause of death is recorded as myocarditis and senility[80]:

Registration Number 1929/9923 - Index at: Births, Deaths & Marriages Online", [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]

Samuel's death was reported in the Otago Daily Times[81], the Nelson Evening Mail[82], the Press[83], and the Hokitika Guardian[84]:


Death Notice - Otago Daily Times, Issue20787, 5 August, 1929, Page 8 via PapersPast [Website] 
 
Nelson Evening Mail, Volume LXIII, 31 July 1929, Page 4 via PapersPast [Website] 
 
Obituary - The Press, Issue19683, 29 July 1929, Page 15 PapersPast [Website] 
 

Hokitika Guardian, 29 July 1929, Page 4 PapersPast [Website]
 

Samuel was buried on 27 July 1929 at Orowaiti Middle Cemetery in Westport - Plot 990 - Block E; his burial being led by the Reverend Bloyce[85].

Postscript

Samuel Jeffery Veale and Isabella Jane Blythe are my husband's 2nd Great Grandparents.

N.B. I have now moved by blogging efforts from this platform to We Are.xyz so that I can integrate building my family history archive with blogging. This post, or a similar version of it, has been split into four articles and can be found at: 

Samuel Jeffery Veale - Pauper, Mariner, Miner and More


A Miner's Life - Central Otago, New Zealand

Time for a Change - Off to the West Coast

Notes

[1] Birthdate on baptism record: London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Reference Number: p76/TMS/004 Image via Ancestry.com. London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1917 [database on-line] Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010 Accessed 16 April 2022: https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1558/images/31280_194917-00323?pId=1928880.

[2] Birth registration: Volume 9, Page 576 - FreeBMD England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915 Image via Ancestry.com [database on-line]. [database-on-line], Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Accessed 20 December 2022: 

[3] General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes [Digital Index] London, England via General Register Office [Website]. Accessed 16 December 2022

[4] England, Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013 Transcript via Ancestry.com. England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. Accessed 16 December 2022.

[5] General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes [Digital Index] London, England via General Register Office [Website]. Accessed 16 December 2022.

[6] Mary Ann Sauders Veale - The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; General Register Office: Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths Surrendered to the Non-Parochial Registers Commissions of 1837 and 1857; Class Number: RG 4; Piece Number: 959 Image via Ancestry.com. England & Wales, Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers, 1567-1936 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Accessed 16 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2972/images/40612_B0148254-00028?pId=1676894.

[7] Jesse Stokes Veale - The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; General Register Office: Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths Surrendered to the Non-Parochial Registers Commissions of 1837 and 1857; Class Number: RG 4; Piece Number: 959 Image via Ancestry.com England & Wales, Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers, 1567-1936 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Accessed 16 December 2022:

[8] John Saunders Veale - The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; General Register Office: Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths Surrendered to the Non-Parochial Registers Commissions of 1837 and 1857; Class Number: RG 4; Piece Number: 959 Image via Ancestry.com. England & Wales, Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers, 1567-1936 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Accessed 16 December 2022:

[9] Susan Jane Veale - England, Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013 Transcript via Ancestry.com. England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. Accessed 16 December 2022

[10] Margaret Ann Veale - Registered 3rd quarter – GRO Reference: 1839 S Quarter in TOTNES UNION DEVON Volume 09 Page 444 - General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes [Digital Index] London, England via General Register Office [Website]. Accessed 16 December 2022.

[11] Emma Veale - Registered 4th quarter - GRO Reference: 1841 D Quarter in TOTNES Volume 09 Page 480 - General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes [Digital Index] London, England via General Register Office [Website]. Accessed 16 December 2022

[12] Sarah Maria Veale - Birthdate on baptism record: London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P76/TMS/004 Image via Ancestry.com. London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1920 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 16 April 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1558/images/31280_194917-00323?pId=1928880

[13] Eliza Veale - Birthdate on baptism record: London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P76/TMS/004 Image via Ancestry.com. See Note 12.

[14] Sarah Maria Veale - Registered 1st quarter - GRO Reference: 1846 M Quarter in EAST LONDON UNION Volume 02 Page 245 - General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes [Digital Index] London, England via General Register Office [Website]. Accessed 17 December 2022

[15] Census Returns of England and Wales, 1851. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1851 (Class: HO107; Piece: 1525; Folio: 186; Page: 46; GSU roll: 174755) Image via Ancestry.com. 1851 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Accessed 17 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8860/images/MDXHO107_1525_1525-0360?pId=2896791

[16] Marriage Index - Transcription and Image are available via FindMyPast [Website] Accessed 17 December 2022: https://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?id=BMD%2FM%2F1849%2F4%2FMZ%2F000013&parentid=BMD%2FM%2F1849%2F4%2FMZ%2F000013%2F033

[17] London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P76/TMS/004 Image via Ancestry.com. London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1917 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010 Accessed 17 December 2022: https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1928880:1558?ssrc=pt&tid=101419177&pid=430009983955

[18] London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Poor Law Registers; Reference: P91/LEN/1304 Image via Ancestry.com. London, England, Selected Poor Law Removal and Settlement Records, 1698-1930 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Accessed 17 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2651/images/32966_636672_1866-00136?pId=444984

[19] London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Poor Law Registers; Reference: P91/LEN/1304 Image - Page 1via Ancestry.com. London, England, Selected Poor Law Removal and Settlement Records, 1698-1930 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Accessed 17 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2651/images/32966_636672_1866-00137?pId=444984

[20] London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Poor Law Registers; Reference: P91/LEN/1304 Image - Page 2 via Ancestry.com. London, England, Selected Poor Law Removal and Settlement Records, 1698-1930 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Accessed 17 December 2022:

To the Churchwarden and Overseers of the Poor of the Parish of SAINT LEONARD, SHOREDITCH, in the County of Middlesex, and to the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the Parish of Saint Saviour, Dartmouth in the County of Devon and to each and every of them.

Whereas Complaint has been made unto us

William Howard and John Joseph Tanner Esquires, whose names are hereunto set and seals affixed, being two of Her Majesty’s Justices of the Peace, acting together in and for the County of Middlesex, (one whereof being of the quorum), by the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the said Parish of SAINT LEONARD, SHOREDITCH, that Samuel Veale and his three lawful children namely Samuel aged twelve years, Sarah aged ten years and Eliza aged eight years none of whom has done any act to gain a settlement in his or her own right – poor persons unable to provide food for themselves have come to inhabit in and are now inhabiting in the said Parish of SAINT LEONARD, SHOREDITCH, not having any legal settlement therein, nor having produced any certificate acknowledging them to be settled elsewhere, and are now receiving relief therefrom, and are now become actually chargeable to the said Parish of SAINT LEONARD, SHOREDITCH, and have not resided therein for the space of five years next before the application for this Warrant or Order, and have become chargeable thereto, in respect of relief made necessary by sickness of the said Samuel Veale which will produce permanent disability in him and are not otherwise irremovable from the said Parish, by reason of the provisions of an Act passed in the Sessions of Parliament held in the ninth and tenth years of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Removal of the Poor, and that the Parish of Saint Saviour. Dartmouth in the County of Devon is the place of their last legal settlement; We the said Justices upon due proof thereof upon oath and other circumstances, and on due consideration of the premises, do adjudge the same to be true, and do also adjudge the Parish of Saint Saviour aforesaid to be the place of the last legal settlement of the said Samuel Veale and his said children – And we are satisfied that the sickness of the said Samuel Veale will produce permanent disability in him.

These are therefore, in Her Majesty’s name to authorise and require you, the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the said Parish of SAINT LEONARD, SHOREDITCH, or some or one of you, or some proper person or persons to be employed by you, at such time and in such manner as by law is provided in that behalf, to remove and convey the said Samuel Veale and his said children from and out of your Parish of SAINT LEONARD, SHOREDITCH, unto the said Parish of Saint Saviour and them deliver unto the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor there, or to some or to one of them, together with this our Warrant or Order, or a True Copy hereof, who are hereby required to receive and provide for them according to law.

 Given under our Hands and Seals this Nineteenth day of September One thousand eight hundred and fiftysix, at the Vestry Room of and in the said Parish of Saint leonard Shoreditch

 [Signed by]    WHoward    JJTanner

------------

Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor Removal Notice:

Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch, in the Metropolitan Police District

and County of Middlesex

As to the removal of Samuel Veale and his three lawful children namely Samuel aged about twelve years, Sarah aged about ten years and Eliza aged about eight years

 To the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the Parish of Saint Saviour Dartmouth in the County of Devon

Take Notice, the above paupers now residing at the Workhouse ? in our Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch have become, and are now actually chargeable to, and receiving Relief from the said Parish; and that a Warrant or Order under the hands and seals of two of Her Majesty’s Justices of the Peace, acting in and for the said County of Middlesex

has been obtained for their removal from the said Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch, to your said Parish of Saint Saviour as the place of their last legal settlement: (a Copy of which Warrant or Order of Removal is here-with sent): and TAKE NOTICE, that unless Notice of Appeal against the said Order be sent to us within twenty-one days from the sending hereof, the said Paupers will be removed to your said Parish of Saint Saviour in pursuance of the said Order.

And also TAKE NOTICE, that following are the Grounds of the said Removal, including the particulars of the Settlement or Settlements relied upon in support thereof.

That the said Paupers have come to inhabit and are now inhabiting in the said Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch, not having a legal Settlement there; and before and at the time of making the said Warrant or Order of Removal were and still are actually chargeable to and receiving relief from the said Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch, such relief being made necessary by, sickness or accident  of the said Samuel Veale which will produce permanent disability in him.

That the said Paupers have not resided in the said Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch, for the space of Five years next before the application of the said Warrant or Order of Removal. That the said Samuel Veale was the lawful son of John Veale and Susannah his wife both deceased, and was born on the thirtieth of April one thousand eight hundred and five in a house situate and being near the bottom of Coledwon (?) Lane in your Said Parish of Saint Saviour. That when the said Samuel Veale was of the age of ten years, or thereabouts, he was lawfully apprenticed by Indenture duly signed sealed and stamped to Mr William Sawyer of your said Parish of Saint Saviour, Carpenter, until he attained the age of twenty one years, and the said Samuel Veale duly served the said William Sawyer, under the said indenture, for the whole of the said term and during the whole of that time, he resided and slept in the house of the said W. Sawyer, situate in your said Parish of Saint Saviour. That the said Samuel Veale has not since done any act to gain a settlement in his own right. That he  was lawfully married to his late wife Mary Ann deceased, at Saint Petrock’s Church, Dartmouth in the said County of Devon, and has lawful ? by her, three children above named, Samuel aged about twelve years, Sarah aged about ten years, and Eliza aged about eight years, none of whom has done any act  to gain a settlement in his or her own right respectively. That the said John Veale and Susannah his wife (the parents of the said Samuel Veale) were likewise legally settled in your said Parish of Saint Saviour, for that by an indenture leaving date the tenth day of August one thousand seven hundred and eighty one (duly signed sealed and stamped), the said John Veale apprenticed himself to William Burgoin of your said Parish, Cordwainer, for the term of seven years, and the said John Veale entered into the service of the said William Burgoin, and served him under the said Indenture for the whole term of seven years aforesaid, and during all that time he resided and slept in the house of his said Master in your said Parish of Saint Saviour. That the said John Veale died about forty years ago, and after his decease, the said Susannah Veale his widow was relieved by the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of your said Parish of Saint Saviour, with regular weekly Relief for a period of several years

N. B. – The Depositions on which the Warrant or order of Removal was made are kept by Mr Henry Edwards to the Clerk to the said Justices at his Office, at Shoreditch in the said County of Middlesex

Given under our hands this twenty sixth day of September One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty Six

 

 

 

[Signed by]

Joseph Lough

 

 

A Majority of the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the said Parish of Saint Leonard, Shoreditch, Middlesex.

C Stevens

John Bagley

Charles Potts[?]

John Bagley

A [?] Elliott

  A Duplicate of this Notice, and Grounds of Removal, and a Copy of the Order of Removal herein referred to, addressed “To the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the Parish of Saint Saviour Dartmouth in the County of Devon was posted at the po Kingsland Road the twenty seventh day of September 1856 by me   [? name unreadable]

[22] The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; Collection: Registry of Shipping and Seamen: Index of Apprentices; Class: BT 150; Piece Number: 31 Image via Ancestry.com. UK, Apprentices Indentured in Merchant Navy, 1824-1910 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60609/images/42482_6117463_0009-00380?pId=311288

[23] Church of England Parish Registers. London Metropolitan Archives, London (Reference Number: p89/ctc/074) Image via Ancestry.com London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 18 December 2022: https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1623/images/31280_198796-00440?pId=5762200

[24] England and Wales Civil Death Index Image via FreeBMD England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1837-1915 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8914/images/ONS_D18694AZ-0349?pId=36165634

[25] Registration Number 1929/9923 - A copy of the death entry is held by the Author. The index can be found at: Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 16 April 2022: https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/

[26] Naseby Mining Transfers - Alexandra District Court - 1867 – Transfer from Samuel Veale to Thomas Jones - Kyeburn – Collections Search - R24695825 – DADO - Series 25368 - Accession D589 - Box/Item - 111 / 83 - Record No. 486 Index via Archives New Zealand [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022 (The Document is held at Archives New Zealand, Dunedin Regional Office): https://collections.archives.govt.nz/en/web/arena/search#/item/aims-archive/R24695825/transfer-of-rights---samuel-veale-to-thomas-jones---kyeburn

[27] Marriage Registration Number 1872/7646 - A copy of the marriage entry is held by the Author. The index can be found at: Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]: https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/

[28] Veale - Blythe Marriage Notice Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume III, Issue 200, 27 December 1872, Page 4 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 18 December 2022: 
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18721227.2.10

[29] Isabella was baptised at Saint Andrew, Newcastle-on-Tyne in Northumberland, England on 22 December 1844 to Andrew Blyth and his wife Agnes, nee Williams – FHL Film Number 847924, 847925 Transcript via Ancestry.com. England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. Accessed 16 April 2022.

[30] Birth Registration Number 1873/42251 - A copy of the birth entry is held by the Author. The index can be found at: Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]: https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/

[31] 1874/75, 1875/76, 1876/77, 1877/78, 1878/79 Mt Ida Electoral Rolls via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 16 April 2022: https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1836/

[32] Registration Number 1875/12863 Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022: 
https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/

[33] Registration Number 1878/8175 Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 16 April 2022. Elspeth is shown as 'Elspith' on her birth registration, 'Elizabeth' on her marriage registration and 'Elspeth' on her death registration: https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/

[34] Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]: https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/home

[35] 'Mining - Applications for Hearing to April 6 - Tail Races' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VII, Issue 370, 7 April 1876, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18760407.2.18

[36] 'Mining - Applications for Hearing to April 13 - Tail Races' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VII, Issue 371, 14 April 1876, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 14 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18760414.2.15

[37] 'Mining - Mining Applications Dealt With to April 29th - Tail Races' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VII, Issue 374, 5 May 1876, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] . Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18760505.2.14

[38] 'Notice of Application for a Mineral lease' Advertisements Column 3 Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume X, Issue 541, 13 December 1879, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18791213.2.6.3

[39] 1880-1881 Mt Ida Electoral Roll via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 18 December 2022: https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1836/

[40] Advertisements Column 2 Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XI, Issue 613, 2 July 1881, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18810702.2.7.2

[41] Advertisements Column 2 Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XI, Issue 614, 7 July 1881, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18810707.2.7.2

[42] Advertisements Column 2 Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XI, Issue 615, 14 July 1881, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18810714.2.7.2

[43] Advertisements Column 2 Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XI, Issue 614, 7 July 1881, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18810707.2.7.2

[44] 'Advertisements Column 4 - Mining Lease Application Withdrawn' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XII, Issue 646, 18 February 1882, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022: 
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18820218.2.8.4

[45] New Zealand Land Records - A Return of the Freeholders October 1882 via FindMyPast [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=ANZ%2FRETURN_FREE_NZ%2F61936#learn-more-content

[46] The New Zealand Gazette, 1888 8 March 1888 (p.316) via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, The New Zealand Gazette, 1860-1894 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6194/images/42014_b0154314-00328?pId=342218

[47] 'Warden's Court - May 12' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VII, Issue 375, 19 May 1876, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18760519.2.11

[48] 'Resident Magistrate's Court January 10th' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VIII, Issue 455, 12 January 1878, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18780112.2.10

[49] 'Resident Magistrate's Court January 10th' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume VIII, Issue 456, 17 January 1878, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18780117.2.13

[50] 'Acquirement of Land Under the Homestead Clause of the "Mines Act" ' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume X, Issue 524, 31 July 1879, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18790731.2.6

[51] 'Acquirement of Land Under the Homestead Clause of the Mines Act' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume X, Issue 528, 30 August 1879, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 18 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18790830.2.10

[52] 'The Courts - Resident Magistrate's Court, Naseby' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XII, Issue 697, 22 February 1883, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18830222.2.11

[53] 'The Courts - Resident Magistrate's Court, Naseby' Mount Ida Chronicle, Volume XII, Issue 697, 24 February 1883, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MIC18830224.2.11

[54] BAB Microfilming; Auckland, New Zealand; Collection Title: New Zealand City & Area Directories, 1866-1955; Directory: Wise´s New Zealand Post Office Directory via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, City & Area Directories, 1866-1954 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 19 December 2022: 
https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1845/

[55] 1886, 1887 Greymouth Electoral Roll via Microfiche, Manukau City Reference Library Microfiche. Viewed by Author in 1993.

[56] 1890 Inangahua Electoral Roll via Microfiche, Manukau City Reference Library Microfiche. Viewed by Author in 1993

[57] 'Warden's Court' Inangahua Times, Volume XVI, Issue 301, 21 April 1892, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website], Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/IT18920421.2.10

[58] 1893, 1894, 1896 Inanghaua Electoral Roll via Microfiche, Manukau City Reference Library Microfiche; Buller Electoral Roll via Microfiche, Manukau City Reference Library. Viewed by Author in 1993.

[59] 1896 Buller Electoral Roll via Ancestry.com New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1836/

[60] 1899, 1900, 1902 Buller Electoral Rolls via Ancestry.com New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1836/

[61] New Zealand Death Index, 1848-1966 Limited Transcript via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, Death Index, 1848-1966 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014. Accessed 19 December 2022. Copy of death entry held by the Author.

[62] Death registration entry 1904/1331Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/

[63] 'Inangahua County Council' Greymouth Evening Star, 24 February 1906, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GEST19060224.2.23

[64] 'Inangahua County Council' Greymouth Evening Star, 1 June 1906, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GEST19060601.2.12

[65] Marriage Registration Number 1908/3873 - Agnes Howard and Samuel Jeffery Veale Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/

[66] 'Licensing District for Grey. Notice of Applications for Transfer of Licence' Inangahua Times, 20 June 1908, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/IT19080620.2.14.2

[67] Licencing District of Grey. Notice of Application for Issue of an Accommodation' Inangahua Times, 8 May 1909, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 19 December 200:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/IT19090508.2.16.1

[68] 'Licencing District of Grey. Notice of Application for Issue of an Accommodation' Inangahua Times, 12 May 1909, Page 3 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 19 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/IT19090512.2.14.1

[69] 'New Applications for Old Houses' Greymouth Evening Star, 4 June 1909, Page 1 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 30 December 2022: 
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GEST19090604.2.2

[70] 'Grey Licensing Bench' Greymouth Evening Star, 7 June 1911, Page 5 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 20 December 2022: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GEST19110607.2.28

[71] The Merrijigs Hotel via West Coast New Zealand History [Website]. Accessed 20 December 2022: https://westcoast.recollect.co.nz/nodes/view/18379

[72] Photo contributed by Claire Ward of Albie Wright and Others outside Merrijigs Hotel in 1940 via West Coast New Zealand History [Website]. Accessed 20 December 2022:
https://westcoast.recollect.co.nz/nodes/view/13841

[73] 1914 Grey Electoral Roll via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 20 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/11037343:1836?tid=&pid=&queryId=869ebc97741eb7aac0e4d14149e22f5c&_phsrc=rRG8027&_phstart=successSource

[74] 1914 Westland Electoral Roll via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 20 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1994194:1836?tid=&pid=&queryId=869ebc97741eb7aac0e4d14149e22f5c&_phsrc=rRG8029&_phstart=successSource

[75] 1919 Westland Electoral Roll via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 20 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/3925942:1836?tid=&pid=&queryId=c6cc74f196b81a3483b183521c22f2e9&_phsrc=rRG8030&_phstart=successSource

[76] Registration Number 1919/11594 Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 20 December 2022:

[77] 'In Memorium' Hokitika Guardian 17 December 1921, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 7 May 2023: 

[78] 'In Memorium' Hokitika Guardian 18 December 1922, Page 2 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 7 May 2023: 

[79] 1928 Westland Electoral Roll via Ancestry.com. New Zealand, Electoral Rolls, 1853-1981 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Accessed 20 December 2022:
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/10538765:1836?queryId=1af18fa1dbd9ecd00faed72e2e258fc5&_phsrc=rRG8031&_phstart=successSource

[80] Registration Number 1929/9923 Births, Deaths & Marriages Online [digital index], New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs [Website]. Accessed 16 April 2022:
 https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/ Copy of death entry held by the Author.

[81] 'Deaths' Otago Daily Times, Issue 20787, 5 August 1929, Page 8 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 30 December 2022: https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT19290805.2.40

[82] 'Personal Items' (reporting death) Nelson Evening Mail, Volume LXIII, 31 July 1929, Page 4 via PapersPast [Website]. Accessed 20 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM19290731.2.29?end_date=31-07-1929&query=Veale&snippet=true&start_date=31-07-1929&title=NEM

[83] 'West Coast Notes - Obituary' Press, Volume LXV, Issue 19683, 29 July 1929, Page 15 via PapersPast [Website]Accessed 20 December 2022:
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19290729.2.134

[84] 'Untitled' Hokitika Guardian, 29 July 1929, Page 4 via PapersPast [Website] Accessed 20 December 2022: 
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/HOG19290729.2.29

[85] 'Record 007835' Samuel Jeffery Veale Find a Cemetery record [Digitised Index] Buller District Council [Website]. Accessed 20 December 2022:

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